Czechia

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Location of Czechia within Europe and the European Union.

Czechia

 

The Czech Republic (/ˈɛk rɪˈpʌblɪk/ (About this sound listen) CzechČeská republikaCzech pronunciation: [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] (About this sound listen)), also known as Czechia (/ˈɛkiə/ (About this sound listen)CzechČeskopronounced [ˈtʃɛsko] (About this sound listen)), is a landlocked nation state in Central Europebordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast. The Czech Republic covers an area of 78,866 square kilometres (30,450 sq mi) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate. It is a unitary parliamentary republic, has 10.6 million inhabitants and the capital and largest city is Prague, with over 1.2 million residents. The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia.

The Czech state was formed in the late 9th century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire. After the fall of the Empire in 907, the centre of power transferred from Moravia to Bohemia under the Přemyslid dynasty. In 1002, the duchy was formally recognized as part of the Holy Roman Empire, becoming the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 and reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century. Besides Bohemia itself, the king of Bohemia ruled the lands of the Bohemian Crown, he had a vote in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor, and Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century. In the 19th century, the Czech lands became the industrial powerhouse of the monarchy and were subsequently the core of the Republic of Czechoslovakia, which was formed in 1918 following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I.

Czechoslovakia remained the only democracy in this part of Europe in the interwar period. However, the Czech part of Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany in World War II, and was liberated in 1945 by the armies of the Soviet Union and the United States. Following the 1948 coup d’état, Czechoslovakia became a one-party communist state under Soviet influence. In 1968, increasing dissatisfaction with the regime culminated in a reform movement known as the Prague Spring, which ended in a Soviet-led invasion. Czechoslovakia remained occupied until the 1989 Velvet Revolution, when the communist regime collapsed and market economy was reintroduced. On 1 January 1993, Czechoslovakia peacefully dissolved, with its constituent states becoming the independent states of the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union (EU) in 2004; it is a member of the United Nations, the OECD, the OSCE, and the Council of Europe. It is a developed country with an advanced, high income economy and high living standardsThe UNDP ranks the country 14th in inequality-adjusted human development. The Czech Republic is a welfare state with a universal health care system and tuition-free university education, it ranks as the 6th safest or most peaceful country and is one of the most non-religious countries in the world, while achieving strong performance in democratic governance.

Flag of Czechia

Flag_of_Czechia

Education in Czechia

The Czech school system has four degrees:

  • Preschools – (from 2 to 5 years old)
  • Primary (elementary) – (from 6 to 15 years old, mandatory)
  • Professional secondary (high) schools and grammar schools (gymnasium)
  • Universities
 

 

 

 

CULTURE OF CZECHIA

 

 

The wealth of musical culture in the Czech Republic lies in the long-term high-culture classical music tradition during all historical periods,

Among the most notable Czech composers are  Bedřich Smetana and Antonín Dvořák in romanticism,…

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